The Traditions of Easter
As with almost all "Christian" holidays, Easter has been
secularized and commercialized. The dichotomous nature of Easter and
its symbols, however, is not necessarily a modern fabrication.
Since its conception as a holy celebration in the second century,
Easter has had its non-religious side. In fact, Easter was originally
a pagan festival.
The ancient Saxons celebrated the return of spring with an uproarious
festival commemorating their goddess of offspring and of springtime,
Eastre. When the second-century Christian missionaries encountered
the tribes of the north with their pagan celebrations, they attempted
to convert them to Christianity. They did so, however, in a clandestine
manner.
It would have been suicide for the very early Christian converts to
celebrate their holy days with observances that did not coincide with
celebrations that already existed. To save lives, the missionaries
cleverly decided to spread their religious message slowly throughout
the populations by allowing them to continue to celebrate pagan feasts,
but to do so in a Christian manner.
As it happened, the pagan festival of Eastre occurred at the same
time of year as the Christian observance of the Resurrection of Christ.
It made sense, therefore, to alter the festival itself, to make it
a Christian celebration as converts were slowly won over. The early
name, Eastre, was eventually changed to its modern spelling, Easter.
The Date of Easter
Prior to A.D. 325, Easter was variously celebrated on different days
of the week, including Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. In that year,
the Council of Nicaea was convened by emperor Constantine. It issued
the Easter Rule which states that Easter shall be celebrated on the
first Sunday that occurs after the first full moon on or after the
vernal equinox. However, a caveat must be introduced here. The "full
moon" in the rule is the ecclesiastical full moon, which is defined
as the fourteenth day of a tabular lunation, where day 1 corresponds
to the ecclesiastical New Moon. It does not always occur on the same
date as the astronomical full moon. The ecclesiastical "vernal
equinox" is always on March 21. Therefore, Easter must be celebrated
on a Sunday between the dates of March 22 and April 25.
The Easter Bunny
The Easter Bunny is not a modern invention. The symbol originated
with the pagan festival of Eastre. The goddess, Eastre, was worshipped
by the Anglo-Saxons through her earthly symbol, the rabbit.
The Easter Egg
As with the Easter Bunny and the holiday itself, the Easter Egg predates
the Christian holiday of Easter. The exchange of eggs in the springtime
is a custom that was centuries old when Easter was first celebrated
by Christians.
From the earliest times, the egg was a symbol of rebirth in most cultures.
Eggs were often wrapped in gold leaf or, if you were a peasant, colored
brightly by boiling them with the leaves or petals of certain flowers.
Today, children hunt colored eggs and place them in Easter baskets
along with the modern version of real Easter eggs -- those made of
plastic or chocolate.